What is somatization disorder?

Somatization disorder is an outdated term. The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in 2013 redefined somatization disorder as somatic symptom disorder.

Somatic symptom disorder involves one or more distressing physical sensations accompanied by excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to these sensations. These symptoms can cause significant distress and impair daily life.

Which department should I visit for somatization disorder?

English name: Somatic symptom disorder.

Aliases: Somatic symptom disorder, hypochondriasis, hypochondriacal neurosis.

Departments: Psychology, Psychiatry.

What are the causes of somatization disorder?

This is a chronic mental disorder caused by multiple factors, with no clear specific cause. It is mainly associated with psychosocial, biological, and physical factors.

1. Psychosocial factors: Stressful psychosocial factors that overstimulate the nervous system can trigger the disorder. Traits such as introversion, poor communication skills, inability to release negative emotions, excessive worry or anxiety, stubbornness, self-centeredness, and suspicion may lead to autonomic nervous system dysfunction, making individuals more sensitive to bodily sensations and resulting in various discomforts.
2. Biological factors: The disorder can be influenced by genetics and environment, showing familial aggregation, meaning relatives of affected individuals are more likely to experience similar symptoms.
3. Physical factors: Some patients develop symptoms after an illness, possibly due to weakened neurological function caused by the physical disease.

Who is commonly affected by somatization disorder?

It is more common in adults, with women affected more often than men, particularly during menopause. Additionally, individuals with introverted, overly sensitive, irritable, narrow-minded, or competitive personalities are at higher risk.

What are the symptoms or manifestations of somatization disorder?

Somatic symptom disorder presents with complex and variable symptoms, including:

1. Persistent distressing physical sensations in any part of the body, disrupting daily life and work.
2. Symptoms that frequently change in location, sensation, nature, or intensity.
3. Excessive worry about symptoms, leading to repeated medical visits, tests, and health-related anxiety.
4. Medical tests often show no abnormalities or findings inconsistent with the reported symptoms.

Patients with somatization disorder may experience emotional distress. While focusing on symptom relief, they should also care for their emotional well-being through meditation, exercise, or counseling. Support from family and friends is also beneficial.

Can somatization disorder cause blindness?

Blindness-like symptoms may occur.

Conversion disorder (formerly called hysteria), a subtype of somatization disorder, can cause visual impairment or blindness due to psychological factors rather than eye pathology. This condition can improve with treatment.

How is somatization disorder diagnosed?

According to DSM-5, diagnostic criteria include:

1. One or more distressing physical symptoms disrupting daily life.
2. Excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to the symptoms, including disproportionate concerns about health, persistent anxiety, or excessive time spent worrying.
3. Symptoms persist for over six months, though individual sensations may fluctuate.

How is somatization disorder treated?

Treatment involves multidimensional, systematic interventions, combining medication and psychotherapy for better outcomes.

1. Medication: Analgesics or symptomatic treatments are usually ineffective. Antidepressants and some anti-anxiety medications, prescribed by a doctor, may help.
2. Psychotherapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, biofeedback, music relaxation, etc.
3. Other therapies: Stellate ganglion block (especially bilateral alternating) may benefit some patients. Yoga, meditation, tai chi, and jogging can also alleviate symptoms.

What is the prognosis for somatization disorder? Can it be cured completely?

Prognosis depends on personality traits, medication response, environmental factors, and social/family support. The condition often has a prolonged course, requiring systematic long-term management for symptom control.

How can somatization disorder be prevented?

Health education to raise awareness is key. Individuals should communicate openly, express emotions healthily, maintain a positive mindset, adopt healthy habits, and cultivate hobbies to reduce the risk of progression.